Growth performance of castor bean hybrids under different plant densities
Palavras-chave:
híbridos, Ricinus communis L., arranjo espacial.Resumo
Castor bean grown at high plant densities can increase yield due to increased light interception and reduction in sink
demand. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of plant density on growth of castor bean hybrids. The
experiment was conducted in Botucatu, SP, Brazil, in a split plot randomized block design, with four replications, in 2011
and 2012. The main plot consisted of the sampling times and the subplots consisted of a 3x3 factorial, with the 3
genotypes in the first factor and the 3 plant densities in the second factor. The variables analyzed were: dry mass of
leaves, stems, racemes, and total dry matter, which were measured at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days after emergence (DAE).
Data were examined for significant differences using analysis of variance followed by the F test (p < 0.05). When
interaction was found between the factors and sampling the means were analyzed by regression analysis (p < 0.05).
Growth performance was higher in 2012 because of the greater water availability. In 2011, under lower rainfall, there was
less branching resulting in cycle end, with total leaf loss. High plant densities partially suppress the development of
higher-order structures, especially when associated with water restriction.
Referências
Beltrão NEM, Azevedo DMP, Lima RLS, Queiroz WN & Queiroz WC (2007) Ecofisiologia. In: Azevedo DMP & Beltrão NEM. (Eds.). O agronegócio da mamona no Brasil. 2.ed. Campina Grande: Embrapa Algodão - Brasília: Embrapa Informação Tecnológica. p.45-72.
Bradshaw AD (1965) Evolutionary significance of phenotypic plasticity in plants. Advances in Genetics, 13:115-155.
Brigham RD & Spears BR (1961) Castorbeans in Texas. Weslaco, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. 11p. (Bulletin, 954).
Chierice GO & Claro Neto S (2207) Aplicação Industrial do Óleo. In: Azevedo DMP & Beltrão NEM. (Eds.). O agronegócio da mamona no Brasil. 2.ed. Campina Grande: Embrapa Algodão - Brasília: Embrapa Informação Tecnológica. p.417-448.
Dallacort R, Martins JA, Inoue MH, Freitas PRL & Colleti AJ (2011) Distribuição das chuvas no município de Tangará da Serra, médio norte do Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. Acta Scientiarum Agronomy, 33:193-200.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2012) Top production – Castor oil seed. Disponível em: <http://faostat.fao.org/site/339/default.aspx>. Acessado em: 14 de fevereiro de 2014.
Fioreze SL, Lara ACC & Pivetta LG (2010) Influência da quebra de dominância apical na expressão sexual da mamoneira. In: 7º Congresso Brasileiro De Plantas Oleaginosas, Óleos, Gorduras E Biodiesel, Belo Horizonte. Anais, UFLA, CD-ROM.
Gwathmey CO & Clement JD (2010) Alteration of cotton source–sink relations with plant population density and mepiquat chloride. Field Crops Research, 116:101-107.
Jost PH & Cothren JT (2001) Phenotypic alterations and crop maturity differences in ultra-narrow row and conventionally spaced cotton. Crop Science, 41:1150-1159.
Jost PH & Cothren JT (2000) Growth and yield comparisons of cotton planted in conventional and ultra-narrow row spacings Crop Science, 40:430-435.
Kittock DL & Williams JH (1970) Effects of plant population on castor bean yield. Agronomy Journal, 62:527-529.
Kotz TE (2012) Crescimento e produtividade da mamoneira IAC 2028 na safrinha em função da densidade populacional de plantas em espaçamento reduzido. Dissertação de Mestrado. Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu. 71p.
Lim PO, Kim HJ & Nan HG (2007) Leaf senescence. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 58:115-136.
Machado EC, Silveira JAG, Vitorello VA & Rodrigues JLA (1992) Fotossíntese, remobilização de reservas e crescimento de grãos de dois híbridos de milho sob deficiência hídrica na fase de enchimento dos grãos. Bragantia, 51:151-159.
Magalhães PC & Jones R (1990) Aumento de fotoassimilados na taxa de crescimento e peso final dos grãos de milho. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 25:1747-1754.
Moshkin VA (1986) Castor. Rotterdam, Balkenma. 315p.
Raij B, Andrade JC, Cantarella H & Quaggio JÁ (2001) Análise química para avaliação da fertilidade de solos tropicais. Campinas, Instituto Agronômico. 285p.
Rangel LEP, Ferreira LG, Almeida VM & Menezes VL (2003) Mamona: Situação Atual e Perspectivas no Mato Grosso. Campina Grande, Embrapa Algodão. 20p. (Documentos, 106).
Santos RF, Kouri J, Barros MAL, Marques FM, Firmino PT & Requião LEG (2007) Aspectos econômicos do agronegócio da mamona. In: Azevedo DMP & Beltrão NEM. (Eds.). O agronegócio da mamona no Brasil. 2.ed. Campina Grande: Embrapa Algodão - Brasília: Embrapa Informação Tecnológica. p.21-42.
Savy Filho A (1999) Hibridação em mamoma. In: Borém A. (Ed.). Hibridação Artificial de Plantas. Viçosa, UFV. p.331-342.
Severino LS & Auld DL (2013) A framework for the study of the growth and development of castor plant. Industrial Crops and Products, 46:25-38.
Soratto RP, Souza-Schlick GD, Giacomo BMS, Zanotto MD & Fernandes AM (2011) Espaçamento e densidade populacional de plantas de mamoneira de porte baixo para colheita mecanizada. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 46:245-253.
Souza-Schlick GD, Soratto RP, Pasquali CB & Fernandes AM. Desempenho da mamoneira IAC 2028 em função do espaçamento entre fileiras e densidade populacional de plantas na safrinha (2011) Bragantia, 70:519–528.
Taiz L & Zieger E (2004) Fisiologia Vegetal. Porto Alegre, Artmed. 719p.
Weiss EA (1983) Oilseed crops. London, Longman. 659p.
Zimmerman, L. H (1958) Castorbeans: a new oil crop for mechanized production. Advances in Agronomy, 10:257-288
