Vernalização de plantas hortícolas
Palavras-chave:
tratamento térmico, temperatura baixa, aceleração floração, produtividade aumentada, condições ideaisResumo
This work is a literature review on the effect of temperature on the sexual development of vegetable crops, with particular emphasis on the possibilities of vernalizing those plants by proper temperature treatment. The first part of the work is a duscussion of the physiological bases of vernalization, the eflect of vernalization on the yield of plants and the practical use of vernalization in vegetable growing. This is followed by a study of the vernalization requirements of several crops. The followingis a very brief summary of these requirements:
CELERY: Temperature from 4,4 to 10°C applied to seedlings or plants during 10-15 days. Some varieties may respond to treatment of duration as short as 2 days. Devernalization may occur if the plants are grown at temperature above 21,1°C.
LETTUCE : Temperature from 2° to 10°C applied to germinating seed for about 20-30 days or a relatively high temperature (21,1 -26,6°C) applied to plant during its whole vegetative cycle. A combination of the two treatment probably gives the best results.
POTATOES : Temperature from 12° to 18°C and good illumination for 35-45 days applied to sprouting tubers. Temperature from 18° to 28°C and abundant moisture content of the air have been also recommended as causing the tubers to produce flowering shoots.
BEETS: Temperature from 4,4° to 10°C applied to seedlings, plants or stored “roots”. Seed does not respond too well to temperature treatment. Seedlings and plants should be illuminated during vernalization. Devernalization may occur il the plants are grown at a temperature above 21,1°C.
ONIONS: Temperature from 10° to 15,5°C applied to plants, or a lower temperature (4,4°-10°C), applied to stored bulbs, during the last 8 weeks of the storage period.
CARROTS : Temperature from 4,4° to 10°C applied to plants or stored “roots” for 15 days or more.
PEAS: Temperature from 10° to 120 C applied for 10 days to seed whose water content had been previously rai- sed to 80% of its dry weight.
SPINACH: Long-photoperiod and temperature from 15,5º to 21,1°C continuously applied to the plants.
TURNIP: Temperature from 4,4° to 10°C applied to seed- lings or plants for 30 days. CUCUMBER: Temperaturs of 10°, 20°, and 20°-25°C applied to germinating seed for 3-5 days.
PEPPER: Relatively high temperature applied to plants. As soon as the buds are formed the temperature should by lowered to avoid droping of flowers or fruits.
CABBAGE: Temperature from 4,4° to 10°C applied to seedlings, plants or stored “heads” for 30-60 days, better re- sults being obtained with the longer treatment.
TOMATOES: There seems to be great differences among varieties. A temperature from Oº to 11°C for 20 days was recommended for the Potentate variety.
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