Efeito do BHC sobre as mosquinhas ceratopogonideas polinizadoras do cacaueiro
Palavras-chave:
polinização cacaueiro, inseticidas BHC, mosquinhas Ceratopogonideas, flores cacaual, tratamento aéreoResumo
The Ceratopogonid midges, Forcipomyia spp. and relatives, are the most important cocoa pollinators in the main cocoa producing areas in the world.
The aim of this research was to assess on the population activity ofthese midges after helicopter dusting with BHC 1% gamma isomer of cocoa plantations.
The study was carried out in two cocoa areas during flowering, one treated with the insecticide andthe other with no insecticide, as control. Cocoa flowers of apparently the same ''age''were examined todetect the presence and activity of cocoa pollinating Ceratopogonid midges by the presence and/or absence of the typical pollen masses deposited by these insects during pollination.
Statistical analysis did not reveal significant differences between treatments indicating that the behaviour of these pollinating insects, in both areas, was similar during the period of study. However, a slight population decrease in the treated area was observed.
A correlation between the Ceratopogonid populationand the presence of typicalpollen masses onthe cocoa flower stigma was observed.
Referências
BILLES, D.J. Pollination of Theobroma cacao L. in Tri nidad. Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad 18(8): 151-156. 1941.
CARDONA, E. Influência de siete insecticidas en la polinizacion y la frutificacion del cacao y breve estudio de los insectos polinizadores. Cacao en Colombia 2:41-61. 1953.
COPE, F.M. Agents of pollination in cacao. Nineth annual report on cacao research, Trinidad, pp. 13-19. 1940.
, ENTWISTLE, H. & HURD, J. The effects of insecticides on pollination, flower setting and numbers of pollinator insects. Ann. Rep. Western African Cocoa Res. Inst.1957-1958. pp. 42-44. 1959.
, FONTANILLA, B.S. Aprogress reportonthe study of insects associated with pollination of Theobroma cacao special emphasis onmidges.Philippine Journal of Agri culture 27 (3-4):143-147. 1965,
HARLAND, S.C. Studies incacao., Tp. I. The method of pollination. Annals of Applied Biology 12(4): 403-409. 1925.
KETTLE, D.S, The bionomics and control of Cilicoides and Lepconops({Diptera, Ceratopogonidae - He leidae). Annual Review of Entomology. Palo Alto, California, 8:401-418, 1962.
KNOKE, J.K. & SAUNDERS, J.L. Induced fruit set of Theobroma cacaoby mistblower applications of insecticides Journal of Economics Entomology, Baltimore,Md 59(6):1427-1430. 1966.
POSNETTE, A.F. Natural pollination of cocoa Theobroma leiocarpa Bern. on the Gold Coast, II. Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad 19(10):188-191. 1942.
POSNETTE, A.F. Pollination of cacao in Trinidad. Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad 21(6):115-118. 1944,
, POSNETTE, A,F. The pollination of cacao inthe Gold Coast. Journal of Horticultural Science, Londres 25:155. 1950.
, POSNETTE, A. F. and ENTWISTLE, H. M. The pollination ofcocoa flowers. In Cacao Conference, Londres, 1957. Report Cocoa Chocolate and Confectionery Alliance. pp 66-69. 1959,
SAUNDERS, L.G. Methods of studying Forcipomyia midges with special reference tocacao pollinating species(Dip- tera, Ceratopogonidae). Can. J. Zool. Ottawa, Can. 37:33-51. 1959,
, STAHEL, C. Beitrage zur kentniss der bluutenbiologie von Kakao vern Konink. Akad. Wetensch Amsterdam, Af- deeling Naturkunde (Tweede Scetie) 25(6):3-21.1928,
STELZAR, M. J., SHENEFELT, R. D, & SILLER, L. R. Resultados de pruevas preliminares para determinar los efectos de las asperciones de insecticida sobre la producion del cacao en Costa Rica. Cacao, Turrialba 6(2):1-10. 1961,
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
