Análise espacial da compactação do solo causada pelo sistema de colheita de madeira de árvores inteiras

Resumo

The spatial analysis of soil compaction caused by the wood harvesting system can assist in forest operation planning. The aim of this work was to identify and map the levels of soil compaction along the traces of wood extraction caused by the machines in the harvesting full tree system. We studied the wood harvesting system composed of feller buncher, skidder, and harvester, with sample meshes installed at different wood extraction distances (0 to 50; 51 to 100; 101 to 150, and 151 to 200 m) and soil compaction in four depths (0 to 10; 11 to 20; 21 to 40, and 41 to 60 cm) to verify the effect of the variation of the skidder traffic along the field through the penetration resistance of the soil with the use of a digital penetrometer. Through the geostatistics technique, thematic maps were elaborated and the areas with the different levels of compaction were quantified. The results allowed to locate the regions along the plot with different intensities of compaction, in which the region next the margin of the plot presented greater soil compaction with a resistance to penetration above 2 MPa, compromising approximately 20% of the total area of the first-class distance. The other classes of extraction distance did not reach this level of compaction, showing that the increase of traffic intensity did not influence the soil physical properties. The geostatistical technique proved to be feasible in the determination of soil compaction in the different areas of the field and may favor the planning of soil preparation operations