Corn hybrids grain yield submitted to different sowing densities in the medium-high Uruguay region of Rio Grande do Sul
Palavras-chave:
cultural management, production potential, Zea maysResumo
The use of corn hybrids adapted to the soil and climate conditions of the cultivation region under adequate optimum plant density is a determining factor for the maximization of grain yield. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the productivity of corn hybrids under two sowing densities during the 2020/21 crop season in the medium-high Uruguay region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The corn hybrids AS1555 PRO3, B2401 PWU, B2418 VYHR, B2612 PWU, BG7061 YHR, DKB235 PRO3, NS45 VIP3, NS73 VIP3, NS80 VIP3, P2501, P3016 VYHR, P3565 PWU and 30F53 VYHR were submitted to densities of 66,667 and 88,889 plants ha-1, in a randomized block design with ten replications. Corn hybrids showed superior grain yield when subjected to the density of 88,889 plants ha-1 in the medium-high Uruguay region of Rio Grande do Sul, surpassing in most cases the state and national average yield of harvest 2020/21. Most of the corn hybrids used present potential for cultivation at higher sowing density than their respective recommendations. Considering the superior productivity of hybrids NS80 VIP3, B2401 PWU and NS73 VIP3, their cultivation under conditions similar to those of the study is recommended.
Referências
Assefa Y, Carter P, Hinds M, Bhalla G, Schon R, Jeschke M, Paszkiewicz S, Smith S & Ciampitti IA (2018) Analysis of long term study indicates both agronomic optimal plant density and increase maize yield per plant contributed to yield gain. Scientific Reports, 8:01-11.
Assefa Y, Roozeboom KL, Staggenborg SA & Du J (2012) Dryland and irrigated corn yield with climate, management, and hybrid changes from 1939 through 2009. Agronomy Journal, 104:473-482.
Assefa Y, Vara Prasad PV, Carter P, Hinds M, Bhalla G, Schon R, Jeschke M, Paszkiewicz S & Ciampitti IA (2016) Yield Responses to Planting Density for US Modern Corn Hybrids: A Synthesis-Analysis. Crop Science, 56:2802-2817.
Bernhard BJ & Below FE (2020) Plant population and row spacing effects on corn: Plant growth, phenology, and grain yield. Agronomy Journal, 112:2456-2465.
Buso WHD, Borges L, Rios ADF & Firmiano RS (2016) Corn agronomic characteristics according to crop year, spacing and plant population densities. Comunicata Scientiae, 7:197-203.
Ciampitti IA & Vyn TJ (2012) Physiological perspectives of changes over time in maize yield dependency on nitrogen uptake and associated nitrogen efficiencies: A review. Field Crops Research, 133:48-67.
Ciampitti IA & Vyn TJ (2014) Understanding Global and Historical Nutrient Use Efficiencies for Closing Maize Yield Gaps. Agronomy Journal, 106:2107-2117.
CONAB – Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento (2022) Acompanhamento da Safra Brasileira: Grãos: Décimo segundo levantamento: Safra 2022/23. Available at: <https://www.conab.gov.br/info-agro/safras/graos/boletim-da-safra-de-graos/item/download/44171_1d9f893d78f593b07d41887104acc43f>. Accessed on: January 5th, 2024.
CQFS - Comissão de Química e Fertilidade do Solo (2016) Manual de calagem e adubação para os estados do Rio Grande do Sul e de Santa Catarina. 11ª ed. Porto Alegre, Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo – Núcleo Regional Sul. 376p.
Egli DB (2015) Is there a role for sink size in understanding maize population–yield relationships? Crop Science, 55:2453-2462.
Erenstein O, Jaleta M, Sonder K, Mottaleb K & Prasanna BM (2022) Global maize production, consumption and trade: trends and R&D implications. Food Security, 14:1295-1319.
Ferreira DF (2019) Sisvar: a computer analysis system to fixed effects Split plot type designs. Revista Brasileira de Biometria, 37:529-535.
Gambin BL, Coyos T, Di Mauro G, Borrás L & Garibaldi LA (2016) Exploring genotype, management, and environmental variables influencing grain yield of late-sown maize in central Argentina. Agricultural Systems, 146:11-19.
Gong F, Wu X, Zhang H, Chen Y & Wang W (2015) Making better maize plants for sustainable grain production in a changing climate. Frontiers in Plant Science, 6:01-06.
Haarhoff SJ & Swanepoel PA (2018) Plant Population and Maize Grain Yield: A Global Systematic Review of Rainfed Trials. Crop Science, 58:1819-1829.
Hernández F, Amelong A & Borrás L (2014) Genotypic differences among argentinean maize hybrids in yield response to stand density. Agronomy Journal, 106:2316-2324.
Hörbe TDA, Amado TJC, Ferreira ADO & Alba PJ (2013) Optimization of corn plant population according to management zones in Southern Brazil. Precision Agriculture, 14:450-465.
Li C, Li Y, Shi Y, Song Y, Zhang D, Buckler ES, Zhang Z & Li Y (2015a) Genetic control of the leaf angle and leaf orientation value as revealed by ultra-high density maps in three connected maize populations. Plos one, 10:01-13.
Li J, Xie RZ, Wang KR, Ming B, Guo YQ, Zhang GQ & Li SK (2015b) Variations in maize dry matter, harvest index, and grain yield with plant density. Agronomy Journal, 107:829-834.
Liu G, Liu W, Hou P, Ming B, Yang Y, Guo X, Xie R, Wang K & Li S (2021) Reducing maize yield gap by matching plant density and solar radiation. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 20:363-370.
Lynch JP (2013) Steep, cheap and deep: an ideotype to optimize water and N acquisition by maize root systems. Annals of Botany, 112:347-357.
Meister R, Rajani MS, Ruzicka D & Schachtman DP (2014) Challenges of modifying root traits in crops for agriculture. Trends in plant science, 19:779-788.
Overman AR & Scholtz III RV (2011) Model of yield response of corn to plant population and absorption of solar energy. PLoS One, 6:e16117.
Pimentel-Gomes F (2009) Curso de Estatística Experimental. 15ª ed. Piracicaba, FEALQ. 451p.
Postma JA, Dathe A & Lynch JP (2014) The optimal lateral root branching density for maize depends on nitrogen and phosphorus availability. Plant Physiology, 166:590-602.
Ranum P, Peña-Rosas JP & Garcia-Casal MN (2014) Global maize production, utilization, and consumption. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1312:105-112.
Reeves GW & Cox WJ (2013) Inconsistent responses of corn to seeding rates in field-scale studies. Agronomy Journal, 105:693-704.
Robles M, Ciampitti IA & Vyn TJ (2012) Responses of maize hybrids to twin-row spatial arrangement at multiple plant densities. Agronomy Journal, 104:1747-1756.
Saengwilai P, Tian X & Lynch JP (2014) Low crown root number enhances nitrogen acquisition from low-nitrogen soils in maize. Plant Physiology, 166:581-589.
Santos HG, Jacomine PKT, Anjos LHC, Oliveira VA, Lumbreras JF, Coelho MR, Almeida JA, Araujo Filho JC, Oliveira JB & Cunha TJF (2018) Brazilian Soil Classification System. 5ª ed. Brasília, Embrapa. 303p.
Schwalbert R, Amado TJC, Horbe TAN, Stefanello LO, Assefa Y, Vara Prasad PV, Rice CW & Ciampitti IA (2018) Corn Yield Response to Plant Density and Nitrogen: Spatial Models and Yield Distribution. Agronomy Journal, 110:970-982.
Souza TC, Castro EM, Magalhães PC, Lino LO, Alves ET & Albuquerque PEP (2013) Morphophysiology, morphoanatomy, and grain yield under field conditions for two maize hybrids with contrasting response to drought stress. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 35:3201-3211.
Storck L, Garcia DC, Lopes SJ & Stefanel V (2016) Experimentação vegetal. 3ª ed. Santa Maria, UFSM. 198p.
Szareski VJ, Carvalho IR, Kehl K, Pelegrin AD, Nardino M, Demari GH & Souza VD (2018) Interrelations of characters and multivariate analysis in corn. Journal of Agricultural Science, 10:187-195.
Testa G, Reyneri A & Blandino M (2016) Maize grain yield enhancement through high plant density cultivation with different inter-row and intra-row spacings. European Journal of Agronomy, 72:28-37.
Tokatlidis IS (2013) Adapting maize crop to climate change. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 33:63-79.
Tokatlidis IS, Has V, Melidis V, Has I, Mylonas I, Evgenidis G, Copandean A, Ninou E & Fasoula VA (2011) Maize hybrids less dependent on high plant densities improve resource-use efficiency in rainfed and irrigated conditions. Field Crops Research, 120:345-351.
USDA – United States Department of Agricullture (2022) PSED – Production, Supply and Distribution. Available at: <https://apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/app/index.html#/app/topCountriesByCommodity>. Accessed on: July 31rst, 2022.
Van Roekel RJ & Coulter JA (2011) Agronomic responses of corn to planting date and plant density. Agronomy Journal, 103:1414-1422.
Van Roekel RJ & Coulter JA (2012) Agronomic responses of corn hybrids to row width and plant density. Agronomy Journal, 104:612-620.
Zhan A & Lynch JP (2015) Reduced frequency of lateral root branching improves N capture from low-N soils in maize. Journal of Experimental Botany, 66:2055-2065.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
