Influence of irrigation frequency and nitrogen concentration on Tifway 419 bermudagrass in Brazil
Keywords:
Cynodon spp., athletic fields, nitrogen fertilization, irrigation managementAbstract
Tifway 419 Bermudagrass is widely used on athletic fields, requiring irrigation and fertilization for its maintenance; however, little information is available for Bermudagrass management in tropical countries, as Brazil. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of irrigation frequency and nitrogen (N) fertilization on the development of Tifway 419 Bermudagrass. The experiment was carried in 2019, applying two irrigation frequencies (daily and every two days) and five N concentrations of 0, 42.19, 63.28, 105.47 and 126.56 kg N ha-1 divided into three 30-day increments. Photosynthetic pigments, grass height, accumulated dry mass, relative chlorophyll index, regeneration rate, root length, and dry mass of root, rhizome and stolon were analyzed. The best result was observed in between 63.28 and 105.47 kg N ha-1 (15% N) and irrigated every two days. The treatment maintains the green color of the grass. Maximum Bermudagrass regeneration rate was observed within this interval, and the root length and dry mass of roots, rhizomes and stolons were higher compared to the highest concentration.
References
Amaral JA, Pagliarini MK, Haga KI & Castilho RMM (2019) Luminosity levels and substrates composition on bermuda grass development. Ornamental Horticulturte, 25:168-179.
Barbosa AP, Maschede DK, Alves GAC, Freiria GH, Furlan FF, Alves LAR & Junco MC (2017) Paspalum notatum growth and pigment content in response to the application of herbicides. Revista Brasileira de Herbicidas, 16:142-151.
Candogan BN, Senih UB & Acilkgoz E (2015) Irrigation level and nitrogen rate affect evapotranspiration and quality of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 7:431-439.
Carrow RN (2012) Nutrition and irrigation water quality. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 43:451-463.
Christians NE, Patton AJ & Law QD (2016) Fundamentals of Turfgrass Management. 5º ed. Hoboken, John Wiley & Sons Inc. 480p.
Dinalli RP, Buzetti S, Gazola RN, Castilho RMM, Celestrino TS, Dupas E, Teixeira Filho MCM & Lima RC (2015) Application of herbicides as growth regulators of emerald Zoysia grass fertilized with nitrogen. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 36:1875-1894.
Gazola RPD, Buzetti S, Gazola RN, Castilho RMM, Teixeira Filho MCM & Celestrino TS (2019) Nitrogen fertilization and glyphosate doses as growth regulators in Esmeralda grass. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 23:930-936.
Godoy LJG, Villas Bôas RL, Backes C & Santos AJM (2012) Nutrição, Adubação e Calagem para produção de gramas. Botucatu, FEPAF. 146p.
Karcher DE, Richardson MD, Landreth JW & Mccalla Jr JH (2005) Recovery of bermudagrass varieties from divot injury. Applied Turfgrass Science, 2:01-07.
Kuhn M (2015) Projeto gramados esportivos Copa do Mundo FIFA 2014. In: Mateus CMD, Villas Bôas RL, Andrade TF, Oliveira MR, Backes C, Santos AJM & Godoy LJG (Eds.) Tópicos atuais em gramados IV. Botucatu, FEPAF. p.23-34.
Lee SK (2014) Irrigation frequency and nitrogen rates for tall fescue growth. Weed Turfgrass Science, 3:130-136.
Lichtenthaler HK (1987) Chlorophylls and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. Methods in Enzymology, 148:350-382.
Lima CP, Backes C, Fernandes DM, Santos AJM, Godoy LJG & Villas Bôas RLV (2012) Leaves reflectance index of the bermuda grass to evaluate the nutritional status in nitrogen. Ciência Rural, 42:1568-1574.
Lima CP, Backes C, Santos AJM, Fernandes DM, Villas Bôas RL & Oliveira MR (2015) Nutrients quantities extracted by bermuda grass in function of nitrogen doses. Bioscience Journal, 31:1432-1440.
Mateus CMD, Castilho RMM, Santos PLF, Mota FD, Godoy LJG & Villas Boas RL (2020) Nutrients exportation by Tifdwarf bermudagrass from golf course greens. Ornamental Horticulture, 26:422-431.
Mateus CMD, Tavares ART, Oliveira MR, Jacon CPRP, Sartori MMP, Fernandes DM & Villas Bôas RL (2017) Influence of substrate base on sports field covered with bermuda grass. Ornamental Horticulture, 23:319-328.
Oliveira NB, Oliveira JFV, Santos PLF, Gazola RPD & Castilho RMM (2018) Evaluation of the nutritional status of three ornamental lawns in Ilha Solteira–SP: a case study. Revista LABVERDE, 9:96-119.
Padrón RAR, Ramírez LR, Cerqueira RR, Nogueira HMCM & Mujica JLU (2015) Vegetative development of culture bell pepper with levels and frequencies of irrigation. Revista Tecnologia & Ciência Agropecuária, 9:49-55.
Peterson K, Shonkwiler A & Kand BD (2011) Custom light box for digital image turfgrass analysis. Kansas City, Kansas State University Publications. 106p.
Santos PLF & Castilho RMM (2015) Relação entre teor de clorofila e nitrogênio foliar em grama esmeralda cultivada em substratos. Revista Tecnologia & Ciência Agropecuária, 9:51-54.
Santos PLF & Castilho RMM (2018) Substrates in the development of a sports turfgrass “Tifton 419”. Ornamental Horticulture, 24:138-144.
Santos PLF, Castilho RMM & Gazola RPD (2019) Photosynthetic pigments and its correlation with nitrogen and magnesium leaf in bermudagrass cultivated in substrates. Acta Iguazu, 8:92-101.
Santos PLF, Nascimento MVL, Costa JV & Villas Boas RL (2020) Revitalization of an amateur sports field with emerald grass. Ornamental Horticulture, 26:647-657.
Taiz L, Zeiger E, Müller IM & Murphy A (2017) Fisiologia e desenvolvimento vegetal. Porto Alegre, Artmed. 888p.
Zhang B, Shi JA, Guo HL, Zong JQ & Liu JX (2018) Influence of leaf age, irrigation and fertilization on leaf tensile strength of Cynodon dactylon and Zoysia japonica. Grassland Science, 64:91-99.
