Influência da quantidade de leite desnatado sobre o desempenho de bezerros de três raças leiteiras
Palavras-chave:
leite desnatado, rebanho leiteiro, bezerros novilhas, alimentação balanceada, dieta concentradaResumo
Fifty-four Holstein crosbred calves were randomly assigned to either of three treatments which were balanced by sex with 9 males and 9 females per treatment. Also assigned in the same manner were 24 Guernsey crosbred calves and 24 Jersey crosbred calves, 8 of eachbreed per treatment and balance by sex with 4 males and 4 females per treatment. Treatment 1 consisted of skimmilk, which was fed at the daily of rate 12, 5% of body weight to a maximum of 9 kg. at 168 days of age then decreased at the rate of 1 kg. per week until 0 (zero) kg at 224 days of age. Treatment II consisted of skimmilk which was fed at the daily rate of 12,5% of body weight to a maximum of 6 kg at 196 days of age then was decreased at the rate of 1 kg per week until 0 at 224 days of age. Treatment III consisted of skim milk which was fed at the daily rate of 12, 5% of body weight to a maximum of 6 kg at 85 days of age then fed at 4 kg until 140 days, 3 kg until 168 days 2 kg until the end of experiment at 224 days. All calves were fed ad libitum a concentrate mixture from 14 days until 224 days of age. The following parameters were measured; average body weight girth and height at withers. The measurement were made weekly until 70 days of age and then every two-weeks until 224 days of age.
A verage body weights of Holstein crosbred calves for treatments I, II and III were 209.8, 195.1 and 186.6 kg, respectively: for males and 193.7, 177.0 and 163.0 kg for females at 224 days of age. Average body weights of Guernsey crosbred calves for the three treatments I, II and III were respectively; 201.0, 170,0 and 134.0 kg for males and 155.2, 153.8 and 149.8 kg for females at 224 days of age. Average body weights of the Jersey crosbred calves at 224 days, calves were 147.0, 163.0 and 144, 2 kg for males and for the females 135.7, 126.5 and 125. 2 kg, respectively for treatments I, II and IIL
Heart girths for treatments 1, IL and Ill were respectively; 130.3, 128.0 and 126.7 cm for males Holstein crosbred calves and 127.6, 124.6 and 120.2 cm for females at 224 days of age, while the heart girths were; 127.8, 121.8 and 113.0 cm for males Guernsey crosbred and 117.8, 119,5 and 117.2 cm for females at 224 days of age. Similarly the heart girths for males Jersey crosbred calves were 116.0, 119.5 and 109.2 cm and for females as 115.5, 110.5 and 107.2 cm at 224 days of age.
Height at withers of Holstein calves crosbred on treatments I,II and III was respectively;106.0, 102.8 and 102.7 for males and 103.7, 101.5 and 100.6 for femalesat 224 days of age. For the Guernsey calves the height at withers was respectively; 107.5, 103.8 and 99.2 cm for males and 100.5, 101.8 and 94,0 cm for females at 224 days of age. Height at withers of Jersey crosbred calves was respectively; 97.0, 99.2 and 96.7 cm for males, 93.2, 95.7 and 95.0 cm for females at 224 days of age.
nalysis of variances did not reveal any significant differences (P>0, 05) between treatments for any of the parameters measured.
Referências
BARNABE, R. C. Desmama precoce de bezerros com quan tidades reduzidas de leite. Sel. Zoot. (69): 1 e 2. 1967.
BIELINSKI, K. and SLABON, W, Rearing calves on limited milk, Nut. Abs. e Rev. London 31(3):106. 1961.
BONSEBIANTE, M. Contributo sperimentale alle tecniche de svezzamento precoce die Vitellei. Rev. Zoot. Italia (33):334-342. 1960.
CONRAD, H.R. and HIBBS, J. W. A high roeghage system for raising calves based on early rumen development. I synthesis of thiamine and riboflavin in the rumen as influenced by the ratio of hay to grain fed and initiation of dry feed consumption. J. Dairy Sci. Illinois, 37(5): 512-522. 1954.
DAMMERS, J. DIJYSTRA, N, D. and FRENS, A. M. Feeding of dairy calves during the first months of life. Nut. Abs. e Rev. London, 22(1) 253-1952.
DUNCAN, C. W., HUFFMAN, C.F. and AGRAWALA, F. P. Rumen synthesis of protein and amino acids in the bovine on natural and purified ration. J. Dairy Sci., Illinois , 35(5): 505. 1952.
ESTADOS UNIDOS DA AMERICA - Departamento de Agricultura. La cria de bezerras y vaquillas lecheras. Editorial Barasa. México, 1962. 33 p (2176).
HOLL, C., KROMICHAL, R., OPIETALOVA, L. and HALTMAR, S. Use of feed mixtures as part substitutes for milk in the rearing of twin calves to 6 months of age. Nut. Abs. e Rev. London 34(4). 1131. 1964.
HOUGUE, D. E., WARNER, R. G., LOOSLI, J. K. and GRIFFIN, C. H. Comparison of antibiotics for dairy calves on two levels of milk feeding. J. Dairy Sci. Illinois 40(9): 1072-1078. 1957.
KESLER, E.M. and KNODT, C.B. B- Vitamin studies in calves. I The relation between age of calf and levels of thiamine, riboflavin and nicotinic acid found in the digestive tract. J. Dairy Sci. Illinois. 34(2):145-151. 1951.
LENGEMAN, F, W. and ALLEN, N.N. The development of rumen function inthe dairy calf. I. Some characteristics of rumen contents of cattle of various ages. J. Dairy Sci. Illinois, 38(6):651-663. 1955.
MCCARTHY, R.D. and KESLER, E.M. Relation between age of calf, blood glucose, blood and rumen levels of volatile fatty acids and in vitro cellulose digestion. J. Dairy Sci. Illinois. 39(9):1280-1288. 1956.
MEYER, F. Wight gains, nutrient intake and nutrient requirement of bull calves. Nut. Abs. e Rev. London. 32 (2), 576. 1962.
, NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL Agricultural Board, Com mittee on Animal Nutrition. Nutrient Requerements of Beef Cattle, Washington. 1963. 31 p. (Pub. 1137).
NOLLER, C.H., HUFFMAN, G. F. , WARD, G. M. and DUNCAN, C.W. Dried whey and lactose as supplements to a vegetable milk replacer. J. Dairy Sci. Illinois. 39 (7):992-997. 1956.
NOLLER, C, H., STILLIONS, M. C., CROWL, B. W., LUN- QUIST, N.S., DELEZ, H, L. Pasture for young dairy calves. J. Dairy Sci. Illinois 42(9):1592-1599. 1959.
PRESTON, T. R., ARCHIBALD, J. D. H. and TIRICKER, W. The digestibility of grain by young calves. J. Agric. Sci. England. 48:259-265. 1957.
RAICU, E., HARSLANU, A., SPUIBER, M. and ROSCAN. Effect of amount of milk given to calves on their subsequent fattening for normal baby beef. Nut. Abs. e Rev. London. 39(2):619. 1969.
ROY, J.H.B. The nutrition of early weaned dairy calf A review. Dairy Sci. Abstrats. Illinois. 20:2. 1958.
SANDER, E. G., WARNER, R. G., HARRISON, H, N. e LOOS- LI, J.O. The stimulatory effect of sodium butyrate and sodium proprionate on the development of rumen mucose in the young calf. J. Dairy Sci. Illinois, 42(9): 1600-1605. 1959.
VAN MARLE, J, Effect of three levels of milk feeding on the growth, development and carcass quality of steers. Nut. Abs. e Rev. London. 34(3):835. 1964.
WARNER, R.G., GRIFFIN, C,H., FLATT, W. P, and LOOS- LI, J.K. Further Studies on the influence of diet on the development ofdiet on the development of the ruminants stomach. J, Dairy Sci. Illinois. 38(6):605. 1955.
WHITAKER, R.T., MILLER, W.J., Carmon, J. L. e DAL- TON, H. L. Influence of level and source of crude fiber in calf starters onweight and feed consumption. J. Dairy Sci. , Illinois. 40(8):887-892. 1957.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
