Efeito da cobertura morta, no cultivo do alho, sobre a umidade e algumas características químicas do solo
Palavras-chave:
cobertura morta, umidade solo, temperatura solo, análise química, cultivo alhoResumo
This study evaluated the effect of a dry rice straw mulch on the moisture, temperature and various chemical characteristics of soil under a garlic crop. Data were obtained in two experiments, one wich utilized three garlic cultivars and three nitrogen levels and another wich utilized one cultivar at three populations and three levels of nitrogen. Before planting and again after harvesting soils were analyzed for P, K, Ca, Mg, pH and organic matter. Soil temperature were determined at the soil surface and at depths of 10 and 20 cm. On mulched plots soil surface temperatures were read immediately below the mulch. The gravimetric method was used to determine soil moisture at the 0-10 and 10-20 cm depths.
From these. experiments, the following conclusions were rawn:
1. There was no effect of mulching as soil moisture level.
2. At the surface and at 10 cm the temperature of the mulchec soil was lower. At 20 cm there was no temperature difference between mulched and unmulched soils. Mulching also reduced soil temperature variations.
3. Irregardless of mulching, levels of Ca and Mg, pH, organic matter and K decreased while levels of P increased during the experiment.
4. There was an increase in soil acidity with an increase in N level in the two experiments, and the same effect was observed under mulch in one experiment.
5. Mulching effectively decreased the loss of soil K.
Referências
ARAÚJO, M.T. O segredo da cultura do alho. Cerrado, Brasília, 1 (3): 13-16. 1969.
BERNARDI, J.B. Cultivo do alho. O Agronômico, Campinas, 17 (5 e 6): 20-24. 1965.
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COUTO, F.A.A. Resultados experimentais de seleção e métodos de plantio de bulbilhos na brotação, crescimento e produção de alho. Viçosa, UREMG. 1958. 130 p. (Tese de Catedrático).
IBM - International Business Machines Corporation. 1130 Statistical System (1130-Ca-06X) - User's Manual. 2o ed. New York. 1967. 118 p.
KLAR, A.E., SCALOPI, E.U. § VASCONCELOS, E.F.C. Potenciais de umidade do solo e nitrogénio em cobertura afetando uma cultura do alho (Allium sativum L. var. 'Lavinia'). Ciência e Cultura, São Paulo, 24 (11): 1045-1049. 1972.
LEMON, E.R. The potentialities for decreasing soil moisture evaporation loss. Soil Sei. Soc. Proc. Am., Madison. 20 (1): 120-125. 1956.
MANN, L.K. Anatomy of the garlic bulb and factors affeting bulb development. Hilgardia, Berkeley, 21 (8): 195-251.
McCALLA, T.M. § ARMY, J.J. Stubble mulch farming. Advances in Agronomy, New York. 13: 125-196. 1961.
MEDCALF, J.C. Estudos preliminares sobre a aplicação de cobertura morta em cafeeiros novos no Brasil. S. Paulo, IBEC Research Institute, 1956. 59 p. (no 12).
ZINGG, A.W. § WHITFIELD, C.J. Stubble mulch farming in the Western States. Washington, United States Department of Agriculture, 1957. 56 p. (Tech. Bull. n® 1166).
MURAYAMA, S. Horticultura. Campinas, Instituto Campineiro de Ensino Agrícola, 1971. p. 144-145.
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