Exogenous gibberellin and cytokinin in a novel system for in vitro germination and development of African iris (Dietes bicolor)
Palavras-chave:
butterfly iris, iridaceae, in vitro germination, plant growth regulators, micropropagation, shoot proliferationResumo
The availability of reliable and reproducible micropropagation systems is a decisive step to successfully propagate plant species with slow growth and low germination rate. The effect was investigated of gibberellin (GA) and cytokinin (CK) in the in vitro germination and development of Dietes bicolor (Steud.) Sweet ex Klatt. Seeds were inoculated in Water + Agar; in Murashige e Skoog (MS) medium without plant growth regulators (PGRs) and in MS medium supplemented with 1 or 2 mg L-1 gibberellic acid or 6-benzylaminopurine. The germination, growth, and architecture of the plants presented significant alterations according to the treatments. Germination percentage increased at 2 mg L-1 GA. Plants grown on the GA-supplemented medium also showed larger leaves. The presence of CK in the culture medium induced the activation of axillary shoot buds and reduced the root length. CK and GA had antagonistic effects on the thickness of the leaf tissues. The activation of multiple shoots in plants cultured with CK in the medium allowed the in vitro propagation of approximately three plants per germinated seed. The results obtained in the present study bring an unprecedented description of a germination system for a higher yield in D. bicolor micropropagation.
Referências
Ascough GD, Erwin JE & van Staden J (2009) Micropropagation of Iridaceae – a review. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 97:01-19.
Ayoub IM, Korinek M, Hwang TL, Chen BH, Chang FR, ElShazly M & Singab ANB (2018) Probing the antiallergic and anti-inflammatory activity of biflavonoids and dihydroflavonols from Dietes bicolor. Journal of Natural Products, 81:243-253.
Azadi P, Bagheri H, Nalousi AM, Nazari F & Chandler SF (2016) Current status and biotechnological advances in genetic engineering of ornamental plants. Biotechnology Advances, 34:1073-1090.
Bar M & Ori N (2014) Leaf development and morphogenesis. Development, 141:4219-4230.
Barbier FF, Dun EA, Kerr SC, Chabikwa TG & Beveridge CA (2019) An update on the signals controlling shoot branching. Trends in Plant Science, 24:220-236.
Bolduc N & Hake S (2009) The maize transcription factor KNOTTED1 directly regulates the gibberellin catabolism gene ga2ox1. Plant Cell, 21:1647-1658.
Chen SY, Kuo SR & Chien CT (2008) Roles of gibberellins and abscisic acid in dormancy and germination of red bayberry (Myrica rubra) seeds. Tree Physiology, 28:1431-1439.
Daviere JM & Achard P (2013) Gibberellin signaling in plants. Development, 140:1147-1151.
Fehér A, Pasternak TP & Dudits D (2003) Transition of somatic plant cells to an embryogenic state. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 74:201-228.
Finch-Savage WE & Leubner-Metzger G (2006) Seed dormancy and the control of germination. New Phytologist, 171:501-523.
Fleishon S, Shani E, Ori N & Weiss D (2011) Negative reciprocal interactions between gibberellin and cytokinin in tomato. New Phytologist, 190:609-617.
Fonouni-Farde C, Miassod A, Laffont C, Morin H, Bendahmane A, Diet A & Frugier F (2019) Gibberellins negatively regulate the development of Medicago truncatula root system. Scientific Reports, 9:2335.
Goldblatt P, Rodriguez A, Powell MP, Davies JT, Manning JC, Van der Bank M & Savolainen V (2008) Iridaceae ‘Out of Australasia’? Phylogeny, biogeography, and divergence time based on plastid DNA sequences. Systematic Botany, 33:495-508.
Greenboim-Wainberg Y, Maymon I, Borochov R, Alvarez J, Olszewski N, Ori N, Eshed Y & Weissa D (2005) Cross talk between gibberellin and cytokinin: the Arabidopsis GA response inhibitor SPINDLY plays a positive role in cytokinin signaling. Plant Cell, 17:92-102.
Gupta R & Chakrabarty SK (2013) Gibberellic acid in plant: still a mystery unresolved. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 8:e25504.
Hepworth J & Lenhard M (2014) Regulation of plant lateralorgan growth by modulating cell number and size. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 17:36-42.
Jasinski S, Piazza P, Craft J, Hay A, Woolley L, Rieu I, Phillips A, Hedden P & Tsiantis M (2005) KNOX action in Arabidopsis is mediated by coordinate regulation of cytokinin and gibberellin activities. Current Biology, 15:1560-1565.
Jevremovic S, Jeknic Z & Subotic A (2013) Micropropagation of Iris sp. Methods in Molecular Biology, 11013:291-303.
Junqueira AH & Peetz MS (2017) Brazilian consumption of flowers and ornamental plants: habits, practices and trends. Ornamental Horticulture, 23:178-184.
Livne S, Lor VS, Nir I, Eliaz N, Aharoni A, Olszewski NE, Eshed Y & Weiss D (2015) Uncovering DELLA-independent gibberellin responses by characterizing new tomato procera mutants. Plant Cell, 27:1579-1594.
Lubbe CS, Siebert SJ & Cilliers SS (2011) Floristic analysis of domestic gardens in the Tlokwe City Municipality South Africa. Bothalia, 41:351-361.
Maekawa T, Maekawa-Yoshikawa M, Takeda N, Imaizumi-Anraku H, Murooka Y & Hayashi M (2009) Gibberellin controls the nodulation signaling pathway in Lotus japonicus. The Plant Journal, 58:183-194.
Müller D & Leyser O (2011) Auxin, cytokinin and the control of shoot branching. Annals of Botany, 107:1203-1212.
Murashige T & Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum, 15:473-497.
Mushtaq S, Amjad M, Ziaf K & Afzal I (2018) Gibberellins application timing modulates growth, physiology, and quality characteristics of two onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25:25155-25161.
O’Brien TP & McCully ME (1981) The study of plant structure principles and selected methods. Melbourne, Termarcarphi Pty Ltda. 352p.
Perilli S, Moubayidin L & Sabatini S (2010) The molecular basis of cytokinin function. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 13:21-26.
Phengphachanh B, Naphrom D, Bundithya W & Potapohn N (2012) Effects of day-length and gibberellic acid (GA3) on flowering and endogenous hormone levels in Rhynchostylis gigantea (Lindl.) Ridl. Journal of Agricultural Science, 4:217-222.
Pooley E (1998) A Field Guide To Wild Flowers Kwazulu-Natal and the Eastern Region. Scottsville, Natal Flora Publications. 630p.
Rabobank (2015) Floriculture Map 2015. Rabobank Industry Note 475. Available at: http://www.agripress.be/_STUDIOEMMA_UPLOADS/downloads/1-8b_0_1_2_3_4_5_6_7_8_9_10_11_12.pdf. Accessed on: April 25th, 2018.
Rabobank (2016) World Floriculture Map 2016: Equator Countries Gathering Speed. Available at: https://research.rabobank.com/far/en/sectors/regionalfoodagri/worldfloriculturemap2016.html. Accessed on: July 28th, 2018.
Rahman A-u, Nasim S, Baig I, Jalil S, Orhan I, Sener B & Choudhary MI (2003) Anti-inflammatory isoflavonoids from the rhizomes of Iris germanica. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 86:177-180.
Rizza A, Walia A, Lanquar V, Frommer WB & Jones AM (2017) In vivo gibberellin gradients visualized in rapidly elongating tissues. Nature Plants, 3:803-813.
Rodriguez-Falcon M, Bou J & Prat S (2006) Seasonal control of tuberization in potato: conserved elements with the flowering response. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 57:151-180.
Ruduœ I, Cembrowska-Lech D, Jaworska A & Kepczynski J (2019) Involvement of ethylene biosynthesis and perception during germination of dormant Avena fatua L. caryopses induced by KAR1 or GA3. Planta, 249:719-738.
SAS Institute Inc. (2003) Statistical Analysis System user’s guide. Version 8.0. Cary, Satatical Analysis System Institute. 200p.
Swain SM & Singh DP (2005) Tall tales from sly dwarves: novel functions of gibberellins in plant development. Trends in Plant Science, 10:123-129.
Su YH, Liu YB & Zhang XS (2011) Auxin-cytokinin interaction regulates meristem development. Molecular Plant, 4:616-625.
Tirichine L, Sandal N & Madsen LH (2007) A gain-of-function mutation in a cytokinin receptor triggers spontaneous root nodule organogenesis. Science, 315:104-107.
Tucker MR & Laux T (2007) Connecting the paths in plant stem cell regulation. Trends in Cell Biology, 17:403-410.
Ubeda-Toma S, Federici F, Casimiro I, Beemster TSG, Bhalerao R, Swarup R, Doerner P, Haseloff J & Bennett JM (2009) Gibberellin signaling in the endodermis controls Arabidopsis root meristem size. Current Biology, 19:1194-1199.
Urbanova T & Leubner-Metzger G (2016) Gibberellins and seed germination. In: Hedden P & Thomas SG (Eds.) The gibberellins. Annual Plant Reviews. Wiley, Oxford. p.253-284.
Xu L & Huang H (2014) Genetic and epigenetic controls of plant regeneration. Current Topics in Developmental Biology, 108:01-33.
Wybouw B & De Rybel B (2019) Cytokinin - A developing story. Trends in Plant Science, 24:177-185.
Yamaguchi S (2008) Gibberellin metabolism and its regulation. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 59:225-251.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
