Two-dimensional spatial distribution modeling of sprinkler irrigation
Palavras-chave:
irrigation efficiency, uniformity coefficient, coefficient of efficiencyResumo
Irrigation can provide significant agronomic and financial returns on agricultural activity. The maximization of the benefits obtained from irrigation depends, among other factors, on the water use efficiency, which is intrinsically related to application uniformity. For the sprinkler method, the irrigation uniformity assessment is based on results of labor-intensive field tests in which the two-dimensional water distribution pattern is measured in a grid of catch cans. The aim of this study was to evaluate a simplified methodology for determining the irrigation uniformity using water depth distribution data of a single sprinkler head in operation, positioned at the intersection of two diagonal alignments containing regularly spaced catch cans. Three methods to simulate the spatial water distribution on the alignments were evaluated: linear interpolation (LI), cubic spline (SC) and second-degree polynomial regression (PR). Each of these methods were associated with a procedure to calculate the two-dimensional spatial water distribution. The adequacy of the LI and SC modeling methods was verified by using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test (p-value < 0.05) applied to the data of the field tests. Mean values of the coefficient of efficiency equals to 0.771 and 0.785 were obtained for the LI and SC methods, respectively. The PR method underperformed the others.
Referências
ABNT (2016) ABNT NBR ISO 11545:2016 Equipamentos de irrigação agrícola - Máquinas de irrigação pivô central e linear móvel, equipadas com sprayers ou aspersores - Determinação da uniformidade de distribuição de água. Rio de Janeiro, Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas. 20p.
Al-Kufaishi SA, Sands JW & Andersen MN (2009) The impact of various sprinkler irrigation patterns on spatial soil moisture variation in Vertisols. Precision Agriculture, 10:16–33.
ANA (2017) Atlas Irrigação: uso da água na agricultura irrigada. Agência Nacional de Águas. 86p.
ANA (2018) Brazilian water resources report 2017. Agência Nacional de Águas.169p.
Darko RO, Shouqi Y, Junping L, Haofang Y & Xingye Z (2017) Overview of advances in improving uniformity and water use efficiency of sprinkler irrigation. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 10:1–15.
El-Wahed MA, Sabagh A, Saneoka H, Abdelkhalek AA & Barutçular C (2015) Sprinkler irrigation uniformity and crop water productivity of barley in arid region. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 27:770–775.
Fordjour A, Zhu X, Jiang C & Liu J (2020) Effect of riser height on rotation uniformity and application rate of the dynamic fluidic sprinkler. Irrigation and Drainage, 69:618-632.
Ge MS, Wu PT, Zhu DL & Zhang L (2018) Application of different curve interpolation and fitting methods in water distribution calculation of mobile sprinkler machine. Biosystems Engineering, 174:316–328.
Gerald CF & Wheatley PO (2004) Applied numerical analysis. New York, Pearson Addison Wesley. 609p.
Issaka Z, Li H, Jiang Y, Tang P & Chao C (2019) Comparison of rotation and water distribution uniformity using dispersion devices for impact and rotary sprinklers. Irrigation and Drainage, 68:881–892.
Kara T, Ekmekci E & Apan M (2008) Determining the uniformity coefficient and water distribution characteristics of some sprinklers. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 11:214–219.
Keller J & Bliesner RD (2000) Sprinkle and trickle irrigation. Caldwell, Blackburn Press. 652p.
Legates DR & McCabe GJ (1999) Evaluating the use of ‘goodness-of-fit’ measures in hydrologic and hydroclimatic model validation. Water Resources Research, 35:233–241.
Legates DR & McCabe GJ (2013) A refined index of model performance: a rejoinder. International Journal of Climatology, 33:1053–1056.
Mann HB & Whitney DR (1947) On a Test of Whether one of Two Random Variables is Stochastically Larger than the Other. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 18:50–60.
Mantovani EC, Villalobos FJ, Organ F & Fereres E (1995) Modelling the effects of sprinkler irrigation uniformity on crop yield. Agricultural Water Management, 27:243–257.
Maroufpoor S, Shiri J & Maroufpoor E (2019) Modeling the sprinkler water distribution uniformity by data-driven methods based on effective variables. Agricultural Water Management, 215:63–73.
Mazzer HR, Pletsch TA, Cruz RL, Vilas Boas MA & Oliveira EF (2008) Avaliação de desempenho do microaspersor amanco em bancada de testes. Irriga, 13:426–437.
Nascimento AK, Schwartz RC, Lima FA, López-Mata E, Domínguez A, Izquiel A, Tarjuelo JM & Martínez-Romero A (2019). Effects of irrigation uniformity on yield response and production economics of maize in a semiarid zone. Agricultural Water Management, 211:178–189.
Palisade Corporation (2016) @RISK: Risk analysis and simulation add-in for Microsoft® Excel. Ithaca, Palisade Corporation. 914p.
R development core team (2019) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Available at: https://www.r-project.org/. Accessed on: July 1st, 2021.
Rezende R, Frizzone JA, Gonçalves ACA & Freitas PSL (1998) Influência do espaçamento entre aspersores na uniformidade de distribuição de água acima e abaixo da superfície do solo. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 2:257–261.
Salvatierra-Bellido B, Montero-Martínez J & Pérez-Urrestarazu L (2018) Development of an automatic test bench to assess sprinkler irrigation uniformity in different wind conditions. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 151:31–40.
Simionesei L, Ramos TB, Brito D, Jauch E, Leitão PC, Almeida C & Neves R (2016) Numerical Simulation of Soil Water Dynamics Under Stationary Sprinkler Irrigation With Mohid-Land. Irrigation and Drainage, 65:98–111.
Wilcoxon F (1945) Individual Comparisons by Ranking Methods. Biometrics Bulletin, 1:80-83.
Willmott CJ, Robeson SM & Matsuura K (2012) A refined index of model performance. International Journal of Climatology, 32:2088–2094.
Willmott CJ, Robeson SM, Matsuura K & Ficklin DL (2015) Assessment of three dimensionless measures of model performance. Environmental Modelling and Software, 73:167–174.
Yue S & Wang CY (2002) Power of the Mann-Whitney test for detecting a shift in median or mean of hydro-meteorological data. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 16:307–323.
Zapata N, Robles O, Playán E, Paniagua P, Romano C, Salvador R & Montoya F (2018) Low-pressure sprinkler irrigation in maize: Differences in water distribution above and below the crop canopy. Agricultural Water Management, 203:353–365.
Zhang L, Merkley GP, Wu P & Zhu D (2018) Effect of Catch-Can Spacing on Calculation of Sprinkler Irrigation Application Uniformity. CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water, Wiley - VCH Verlag, 46:1800130.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
