Physiology of the forage cactus cultivate Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw under different irrigation frequencies in the Semiarid
Keywords:
plant welfare, cactus, water deficit, abiotic stress, foragerAbstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological variables of the cultivar Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw in the first cycle and in the regrowth, under different frequencies of drip irrigation, cultivated in the Agreste da Paraíba mesoregion. Therefore, a randomized block design was used, with 2 treatments (irrigation frequencies) and 4 replications (blocks), with each treatment repeated 3 times within the block (triplicate) totaling 24 experimental plots. For physiological variables, data were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means compared by t test at 5% probability using SAS ® (2002). The present study shows that the stress of environmental conditions had a greater impact on the frequency of irrigation every 28 days, since the forage cactus irrigated every 7 days had the highest internal concentration of CO2; CO2 absorption rate; instant efficiency in water use; intrinsic efficiency of water use; instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, both in the first cycle and in the regrowth period. Respiratory rate and stomatal conductance did not differ between irrigation frequencies for both cycles, showing the good adaptation of the cultivar to the semiarid region.
References
Alves FAL, Santos DC, Silva SMS & Oliveira MAB (2020) Photosynthesis and gas exchanges of forage cactus varieties (Opuntia and Nopalea) grown under screen and irrigation. Pesquisa Agropecuária Pernambucana, 25:01-15.
Araújo GGL, Voltolini TV, Chizzotti ML, Turco SHN & Carvalho FFR (2010) Water and small ruminant production. Brazilian Journal of Animal Science, 39:326-336.
Bacalhau JR, Ribeiro Neto A & Oliveira LMM (2017) Aplicação de índice de vegetação no monitoramento da seca: Açude Algodões no Sertão pernambucano. Journal of Environmental Analysis and Progress, 2:283-293.
Belúcio LP, Silva APN, Souza LR & Moura GBA (2014) Radiação solar global estimada a partir da insolação para Macapá (AP). Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia, 29:494-504.
Bernardo S (1995) Manual de irrigação. 6ª ed. Viçosa, UFV. 545p.
Bezerra BG, Araújo JS, Pereira DD, Laurentino GQ & Silva LLD (2014) Zoneamento agroclimático da palma forrageira (Opuntia sp.) para o estado da Paraíba. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 18:755-76.
Cajazeira JP, Correa MCM, Almeida EIB, Queiroz RF & Mesquita RO (2018) Growth and gas exchange in white pitaya under different concentrations of potassium and calcium. Revista Ciência Agronômica, 49:112-121.
Consoli S, Ingles G & Inglese P (2013) Determination of Evapotranspiration and Annual Biomass Productivity of a Cactus Pear [Opuntia ficus-indica L. (Mill.)] Orchard in a Semiarid Environment. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 139:680-690.
Cruz Neto JF, Morais JEF, Souza CAA, Carvalho HFS, Rodrigues CTA & Silva TGF (2017) Applicability of agrometeorologics indicators for analysis of water increment for irrigation in production systems of cactus forage, cv. Miúda. Journal of Environmental Analysis and Progress, 2:98-106.
Embrapa - Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (2013) National Soil Research Center. Brazilian system of soil classification. Brasília, Embrapa. 303p.
Francisco PRM, Medeiros RM, Santos D & Matos RMM (2015) Classificação Climática de Köppen e Thornthwaite para o Estado da Paraíba. Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física, 8:1006-1016.
Hillel D (1998) Environmental Soil Physics. Amherst, Academic Press. 800p.
Jardim AMRF, Santos HRB, Alves HKMN, Silva SLF, Souza LSB, Araújo Junior GN, Souza MS, Araújo GGL, Souza CAA & Silva TGF (2021) Diferenças genotípicas atividade fotoquímica relativa, solutos inorgânicos e orgânicos e desempenho produtivo em clones de palma forrageira em ambiente semiárido. Fisiologia Vegetal e Bioquímica, 162:01-10.
Liguori G, Inglese G, Pernice F, Sortino G & Inglese P (2013) CO2 uptake of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. whole trees and single cladodes, in relation to plant water status and cladode age. Italian Journal of Agronomy, 8:14-20.
Lima GFC, Rego MMT, Dantas FDG, Lôbo RNB, Silva JGM & Aguiar EM (2016) Morphological characteristics and forage productivity of irrigated cactus pear under different cutting intensities. Revista Caatinga, 29:481-488.
Lima GFC, Rêgo MMT & Aguiar EM (2015) Effect of different cutting intensities on morphological characteristics and productivity of irrigated Nopalea forage cactus. Acta Horticulturae, 1067:253-258.
Lima Junior EC, Alvarenga AA, Castro EM, Vieira CV & Oliveira HM (2005) Trocas gasosas, características das folhas e crescimento de plantas jovens de Cupania vernalis Camb. submetidas a diferentes níveis de sombreamento. Ciência Rural, 35:1092-1097.
Lina A & Eloisa L (2018) How do young cacti (seeds and seedlings) from tropical xeric environments cope with extended drought periods?. Journal of Arid Environments, 154:01-07.
Marques OFC, Gomes LSP, Mourthé MHF, Braz TGS & Pires Neto OS (2017) Palma forrageira: cultivo e utilização na alimentação de bovinos. Caderno de Ciências Agrárias, 9:75-93.
Nobel PS (2001) Biologia ambiental. In: Barbera G, Inglese P & Pimienta Barros E (Eds.) Agroecologia, cultivo e usos da palma forrageira. João Pessoa, FAO/SEBRAE. p.36-48.
Nogueira de Sá MK, Andrade AP, Magalhães ALR, Valença RL, Campos FS, Araújo FS & Araújo GGL (2021) Silagem de palma forrageira com Gliricidia Sepium: alternativa alimentar para o Semiárido. Research, Society and Development, 10:01-12.
Nunes JSL, Salvador KRS, Jardim AMRF, Araújo Junior GN, Carvalho AA, Souza LSB, Montenegro AAA & Silva TGF (2020) Morphophysiological and biophysical indices of forage cactus cultivated under water technologies in the Pajeú River basin. Journal of Environmental Analysis and Progress, 5:128-139.
Ojeda-Pérez ZZ, Jiménez-Bremont JF & Delgado-Sánchez P (2017) Continuous high and low temperature induced a decrease of photosynthetic activity and changes in the diurnal fluctuations of organic acids in Opuntia streptacantha. PLoS One, 12:01-18.
Queiroz MG, Silva TGF, Zolnier S, Silva SMS, Lima LR & Alves JO (2015) Características morfofisiológicas e produtividade da palma forrageira em diferentes lâminas de irrigação. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 19:931-938.
Rocha RS, Voltolini TV & Gava CAT (2017) Características produtivas e estruturais de genótipos de palma forrageira irrigada em diferentes intervalos de corte. Archivos de Zootecnia, 66:365-373.
Rodrigues AM, Pitacas FI, Reis CMG & Blasco M (2016) Nutritional value of opuntia ficus-indica cladodes from portuguese ecotypes. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 22:40-45.
Rodriguez RDG, Singh VP, Pruski FF & Calegario AT (2015) Using entropy theory to improve the definition of homogeneous regions in the semi-arid region of Brazil. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 7:2096-2109.
Santos MR, Silva AJP, Fonseca VA, Campos ARF & Lisboa MA (2017) Irrigação na palma forrageira. Informe Agropecuário, 38:76-90.
SAS Institute Inc. (2002) Statistical Analysis System user’s guide. Version 9.0. Cary, Statistical Analysis System Institute. 513p.
Silva LM, Fagundes JL, Viegas PAA, Muniz EN, Rangel JHA, Moreira AL & Backes AC (2014) Produtividade da palma forrageira cultivada em diferentes densidades de plantio. Ciência Rural, 44:2064-2071.
Silva TGF, Araújo Primo JT, Morais JEF, Diniz WJS, Souza CAA & Silva MC (2015) Crescimento e produtividade de clones de palma forrageira no semiárido e relações com variáveis meteorológicas. Revista Caatinga, 28:10-18.
Silva MAV, Ferreira WMP, Andrade VMS & Costa JMN (2016) Influência das condições microclimáticas no crescimento do milho BR 106, cultivado sob sementeira direta. Revista de Ciências Agrárias, 39:383-394.
Silva RT (2019) Trocas gasosas, caracterização citogenética e vigor de sementes dos gêneros Opuntia e Nopalea. Doctoral Thesis. Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Areia. 115p.
Silva AP & Souza PA (2020) Zoneamento agroclimatológico para produção da Palma Forrageira no Semiárido. Brazilian Journal of Development, 6:20048-20057.
Souza LSB, Moura MSB, Silva TGF, Soares JM, Carmo JFA & Brandão EO (2008) Indicadores climáticos para o zoneamento agrícola da palma forrageira (Opuntia sp.). In: 3ª Jornada de Iniciação Científica da Embrapa Semi-árido, Petrolina. Anais, Embrapa Semi-Árido. 254p.
Souza DCF, Lima IS, Santana JA, Almeida AQ, Gonzaga MIS & Santana JF (2018) Zoneamento agroclimático da palma forrageira (opuntia sp.) para o estado de Sergipe. Revista Brasileira de Agricultura Irrigada, 12:2338-2347.
Souza JTA, Ribeiro JES, Araújo JS, Ramos JPF, Nascimento JP & Medeiros LTV (2020) Gas exchanges and water-use efficiency of Nopalea cochenillifera intercropped under edaphic practices. Comunicata Sientiae, 11:01-08.
Taiz L, Zeiger E, Moller IM & Murphy A (2017) Fisiologia e desenvolvimento vegetal. 6ª ed. Porto Alegre, Artmed. 858p.
