Germination and fungal infection of wild celery (Apium graveolens L.) seeds, from southern Brazil, under different temperature and disinfection conditions
Palabras clave:
acetic acid, fungi, sodium hypochlorite, prophylaxisResumen
Seeds of wild celery (Apium graveolens L.) from southern Brazil were surface disinfected with different solutions of sodium hypochlorite (5 and 10%) and acetic acid (0.5, 1, 2, 4%), and germination success and fungal infection were evaluated after 28 days of incubation at a constant temperature of 30 ºC and 20/30 ºC thermoperiod (12h:12h). Germination of wild celery was inhibited at the constant temperature (30 ºC). Vigorous total germination (90–100%), a faster germination velocity (1.8–2.5 germinated seeds per day) and moderate fungal infection (53.3–81.7%) of wild celery seeds were obtained with the sodium hypochlorite treatments (5–10% concentration) under the 20/30 ºC thermoperiod. The 4% treatment of acetic acid was very effective at preventing seed fungal infection (only 5% of the seeds) but it reduced theaverage total germination to 60%. Lower concentrations of acetic acid (0.5–2%) resulted in 100% fungal infection. In conclusion, seedlings of wild celery from southern Brazil can be effectively produced by disinfecting the seeds with 5-–10% sodium hypochlorite and incubation under a 20/30 ºC thermoperiod (12h:12h).
Citas
Abdul-Baki AA & Moore GM (1979) Seed disinfection with hypoclorite: A selected literature review of hypoclorite chemistry and definition of terms. Journal of Seed Technology, 4:43-56.
Biddington NL, Thomas TH & Dearman AS (1980) The promotive effect on subsequent germination of treating imbibed celery seeds with high temperature before or during drying. Plant, Cell and Environment, 3:461-465.
Brazil (2000) Normative instruction number 36 of October 14, 1999. Technical regulamentation for fixation of identity and quality standards for fermented acetic acids. DOU, 15/10/1999, Section 1, p.76.
Browers MA & Orton TJ (1986) Celery (Apium graveolens L.). In: Bajaj YPS (Ed.) Biotecnology in Agriculture and Forestry 2: Crops I. Berlin, Springer-Verlag. p. 405-420.
Coolbear P, Toledo PE & Seetagoses U (1992) Effects of temperature of pre-sowing hydration treatment and subsequent drying rates on the germination performance of celery seed. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 19:09-14.
Costa CSB (1997) Tidal marsh and wetland plants. In: Seeliger U & Castello JP (Eds.) Substropical convergence environments - The coast and sea in the Southwestern Atlantic. Berlin, SpringerVetlag. p. 24-26.
Doran WL (1928) Acetic acid as a soil disinfectant. Journal of Agricultural Research, 36:269-280.
Everard JD, Gucci R, Kann SC, Flore JA & Loescher WH (1994) Gas exchange and carbon partitioning in the leaves of celery (Apium graveolens L.) at various levels of root zone salinity. Plant Physiology, 106:281-292.
Hopkins EF (1927) A study of the seed of Apium graveolens Linn: With special reference to the effect of light, temperature, disinfectants, and other factors upon germination. Master Thesis. University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst. 62 p.
Maguire JD (1962) Speed of germination - Aid in selection and evaluation for seedling emergence and vigor. Crop Science, 2:176-177.
Morinaga T (1926) Effect of alternating temperatures upon the germination of seeds. American Journal of Botany, 13:141-158.
Parera CA, Qiao P & Cantliffe DJ (1993) Enhanced celery germination at stress temperature via solid matrix priming. HortScience, 28:20-22.
Reis A, Lopes C & Henz G (2018) Principais doenças da salsa no Brasil. Brasília, Embrapa Hortaliças. 28p. (Circular Técnica, 165).
Shad AA, Shah HU, Bakht J, Choudhary MI & Ullah J (2011) Nutraceutical potential and bioassay of Apium graveolens L. grown in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5:5160-5166.
Silveira ES (2012) Fungos e leveduras na água e plantas macrófitas em decomposição na região estuarina da Lagoa dos Patos e praia do Cassino, RS – Brasil. Tese de Doutorado. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande. 134p.
Souza MM, Silva B, Costa CSB & Badiale-Furlong E (2018) Free phenolic compounds extraction from Brazilian halophytes, soybean and rice bran by ultrasound-assisted and orbital shaker methods. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 90:3363-3372.
Taylor CA (1949) Some factors affecting germination of celery seed. Plant Physiology, 24:93-102.
Thompson PA (1974) Germination of celery (Apium graveolens L.) in response to fluctuating temperatures. Journal of Experimental Botany, 25:156-163.
Uddin ZU, Shad AA, Bakht J, Ullah I & Jan S (2015) In vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant activity and phytochemical screening of Apium graveolens. Pakistan Journal Pharmaceutical Sciences, 28:1699-1704.
Van der Toorn P & Karssen CM (1992) Analysis of embryo growth in mature fruits of celery (Apium graveolens). Physiologia Plantarum, 84:593:599.
Van der Wolf JM, Birnbaum Y, Van der Zouwen PS & Goot SPC (2008) Disinfection of vegetable seed by treatment with essential oils, organic acids and plant extracts. Seed Science & Technology, 36:76-88.
Yao Y, Sang W, Zhou M & Ren G (2010) Phenolic composition and antioxidant activities of 11 celery cultivars. Journal of Food Sciences, 75:C9-C13.
Zar JH (2010) Biostatistical analysis. New York, Prentice-Hall. 944p.
