Enviromental temperature and age of seeds in tolerance to thermoinhibition in lettuce genotypes
Palabras clave:
Lactuca sativa L, germination, seed storageResumen
Lettuce seeds usually show germination problems that can be related to dormancy and or thermoinhibition, as well as to the genotype constitution. The knowledge of the temperature at which the thermoinhibition process begins, as well as the influence of the age of the seed on its germination, is extremely important to establish more suitable parameters for the selection of higher genotypes in breeding programs. The objective of this work was to evaluate the seed germination of three lettuce cultivars according to the enviromental temperature and the age of the seeds. The cultivars Everglades (tolerant to thermoinhibition), Luisa (medium tolerant) and Verônica (sensitive) were used. Seeds of each cultivar were evaluated by the standard germination test, first count test, germination speed index and germination test of remaining seeds. The analyses were performed at four environmental temperatures and in seven storage periods after harvest. None of the cultivars showed primary dormancy. The tolerance to thermoinhibition showed by cultivars Everglades and Luisa and the sensitivity of cultivar Verônica were confirmed. The most suitable temperature for differentiating tolerant and sensitive thermoinhibition genotypes occurred from 30.5 oC and 260 days after harvest.
Citas
Almeida FA, Silva-Mann R, Santos HO, Pereira RW & Blank AF (2019) Germination temperatures affect the physiological quality of seeds of lettuce cultivars. Bioscience Journal, 35:1143-1152.
Argyris J, Dahal P, Hayashi, E, Still D & Bradford K (2008) Genetic Variation for Lettuce Seed Thermoinhibition Is Associated with Temperature-Sensitive Expression of Abscisic Acid, Gibberellin, and Ethylene Biosynthesis, Metabolism, and Response Genes. Plant Physiology, 148:926-947.
Brasil (2009) Regras para análise de sementes. Brasília, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento - Secretaria de Defesa Agropecuária. 399p.
Bufalo J, Amaro ACE, Araújo HS, Corsato JM, Ono EO, Ferreira G & Rodrigues JD (2012) Stratification periods in seeds germination of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) under different conditions of light and temperature. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 33:931-940.
Catão HCR, Gomes LAA, Guimarães RM, Fonseca PHF, Caixeta F & Galvão AG (2018) Physiological and biochemical changes in lettuce seeds during storage at different temperatures. Horticultura Brasileira, 36:118-125.
Catão HCRM, Gomes LAA, Guimarães RM, Fonseca PHF, Caixeta F & Marodin JC (2016) Physiological and isozyme alterations in lettuce seeds under different conditions and storage periods. Journal of Seed Science, 38:305-313.
Catão HCRM, Gomes LAA, Santos HOD, Guimarães RM, Fonseca PHF & Caixeta F (2014) Aspectos fisiológicos e bioquímicos da germinação de sementes de alface em diferentes temperaturas. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 49:316-322.
Chaves IDS, Alvarenga AAD, Dousseau S, Soares GCM, Souza EDS & Artur MAS (2011) Germination of Miconia ligustroides (Melasto-mataceae) diaspores submitted to different treatments for dormancy overcoming. Brazilian Journal of Botany, 34:335-341.
Deng Z & Song S (2012) Sodium nitroprusside, ferricyanide, nitrite and nitrate decrease the thermo-dormancy of lettuce seed germination in a nitric oxide-dependent manner in light. South African Journal of Botany, 78:139-146.
Ferreira DF (2011) Sisvar: a computer statistical analysis system. Ciência e agrotecnologia, 35:1039-1042.
Gonai, T, Kawahara S, Tougou M, Satoh S, Hashiba T, Hirai N, Kawaide H, Kamiya Y & Yoshioka T (2004) Abscisic acid in the thermoinhibition of lettuce seed germination and enhancement of its catabolism by gibberellin. Journal f Experimental Botany, 55:111-118.
Huo H, Dahal P, Kunosoth K, McCalum C & Bradford K (2013) Expression of 9-cis-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE4 is essential for thermoinhibition of lettuce seed germination but not for seed development or stress tolerance. Plant Cell, 25:884-900.
Kano C, Cardoso AII, Bôas RLV & Higuti ARO (2011) Germinação de sementes de alface obtidas de plantas cultivadas com diferentes doses de fósforo. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 32:591-597.
Maguire JD (1962) Speed of germination aid in selection and evaluation for seedling and vigour. Crop Science, 2:176-177.
Soares PAM, Souza DAMS, Bernardino DLMP, Azevedo QR, Lacerda JPN & Silva FG (2017) Germination and vigor of lettuce seeds under different temperatures. Brazilian Journal of Agriculture, 92:271-280.
Nascimento WM, Cantliffe DJ & Huber DJ (2004) Ethylene evolution and endo-beta-mannanase activity during lettuce seed germination at high temperature. Scientia Agricola, 61:156-163.
Nascimento WM, Croda MD & Lopes ACA (2012) Produção de sementes, qualidade fisiológica e identificação de genótipos de alface termotolerantes. Revista Brasileira de Sementes, 34:510-517.
Nascimento WM & Pereira RS (2007) Testes para avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de alface e sua relação com a germinação sob temperaturas adversas. Revista Brasileira de Sementes, 29:175-179.
Sala FC & Costa CPD (2012) Retrospectiva e tendência da alfacicultura brasileira. Horticultura brasileira, 30:187-194.
Scott AJ & Knott M (1974) A cluster analysis method for grouping means in the analysis of variance. Biometrics, 30:507-512.
Sung Y, Cantliffe DJ & Nagata RT (1998) Seed developmental temperature regulation of thermotolerance in lettuce. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 123:700-705.
Villela RP, Souza RJD, Guimarães RM, Nascimento WM, Gomes LAA, Carvalho BO & Bueno ACR (2010) Produção e desempenho de sementes de cultivares de alface em duas épocas de plantio. Revista Brasileira de Sementes, 32:158-169.
Yoong FY, O’Brien LK, Truco MJ, Huo H, Sideman R, Hayes R, Michelmore RW & Bradford KJ (2016) Genetic variation for thermotolerance in lettuce seed germination is associated with temperature-sensitive regulation of ethylene response factor1 (ERF1). Plant physiology, 170:472-488.
